Izinzuzo ze-Saffron Extract: Isixazululo Semvelo Sokulahlekelwa Kwesisindo kanye Nesimo Senhliziyo Esingcono
1. Mayelana nokukhishwa kwe-saffron
Umkhiqizo ukhishwa engxenyeni engenhla yesitayela nenhlamba ye-Crocus sativus L., isitshalo se-iris. Izithako eziyinhloko zihlanganisa i-picrocrocin, i-carotene compounds, i-safflower aldehyde, i-eucalyptol, i-pinene nezinye izinto, futhi iqukethe inani elincane le-Isorhamnetin, i- kaempferol, i-vitamin B1 ne-vitamin B2, njll. ama-radicals mahhala. Ingakwazi ukumelana nokusabela kwe-oxidation, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial, ivimbele i-optic nerve cell apoptosis, ithuthukise i-microcirculation, ithuthukise ukuzivikela komzimba, imelane ne-arteriosclerosis, futhi imelane ne-oxidation. Inemisebenzi yokwehlisa i-lipids yegazi, ithuthukise i-choleretics kanye nokuvikelwa kwesibindi, ukuvimbela nokwelapha i-osteoporosis, nokuvikela izinso.
Isitshalo somthombo
2. Imvelaphi yezitshalo
Umthombo oyisisekelo] Iyingxenye engaphezulu yesitayela nenhlamba yesitshalo se-iris i-Crocus sativus L.
【Isibizo】I-Crocus, isafroni.
[Ukusatshalaliswa] Kunenani elincane lokulinywa kokuhlola eBeijing, eShanghai, eShandong, eZhejiang, eSichuan, eXinjiang, njll. eShayina, futhi litshalwa kwamanye amazwe eSpain, e-Iran, e-Italy, eJalimane, eFrance, eGrisi, e-Austria, eyayiyiSoviet Union kanye neJapane.
【Ukwakheka Kwesitshalo】Isitshalo esihlala isikhathi eside. Ama-bulb angaphansi komhlaba ayindilinga futhi ambozwe ngamaqabunga ansundu anezikali ezinde. Kunamaqabunga angu-9 kuya kwangu-15, akhulele ku-bulb, athambile, mancane futhi aqondile, ubude obungu-15 kuya ku-20 cm kanye nobubanzi obungu-2 kuya ku-3 cm. Amaphethelo amaqabunga agobile futhi anoboya obuhle, kanti isisekelo sizungezwe izikali ezibanzi ezingu-4 kuya ku-5. . Izimbali eziphelele, ububanzi obungu-2.5-3 cm; i-perianth enezingcezu ezingu-6, i-obovate, i-lavender, i-flower tube engu-4-6 cm ubude, e-thin tube-shaped, ama-stamens angu-3, ama-anther amakhulu, isisekelo esinomucibisholo, ama-pistil angu-3, ama-connate carpels, i-ovary iphansi, isitayela sincane, siphuzi, ingxenye ephezulu inezingqimba ezintathu ezijulile, eziphuma ku-flower tube, zigobile, zibomvu ngokumnyama, ingxenye ephezulu ye-stigma ikhulisiwe kancane, inokuvulwa okufana ne-funnel. I-capsule inde, inemiphetho emithathu ebushelelezi, cishe ubude obuyi-3 cm kanye nobubanzi obuyi-1.5 cm. Ifinyelela phansi lapho isithelo sesivuthiwe. Imbewu iningi, iyindilinga, futhi uqweqwe lwembewu lunobunjwa. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kusukela ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi noNovemba
3. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali
1). Uwoyela oguquguqukayo Ingxenye yamafutha aguquguqukayo ku-pistil (stigma) ye-saffron corolla ikhiqizwa ukuwohloka kwama-carotene njenge-zeaxanthin futhi inesakhiwo esikhethekile. I-safranal ikakhulukazi kuma-derivatives e-trimethylcycloethylene, ebanga u-50% wamafutha aphelele aguquguqukayo. 72%, ingumkhiqizo wokuwohloka kwe-crocin, futhi ingenye yezinkomba zokulawula ikhwalithi yemithi yendabuko yaseShayina i-Zangsafflower. Ezinye izazi zikhombe ama-compounds angu-46 avela ku-saffron volatile oil, ebanga u-90.99% wamafutha aphelele aguquguqukayo. Phakathi kwazo, ama-ketone compounds ama-5 abalelwa ku-6.16%, ama-aldehyde compounds ama-5 abalelwa ku-2.39%, ama-alcohol compounds ama-6 abalelwa ku-4.98%, ama-acid compounds ama-6 abalelwa ku-19.77%, ama-olefin compounds ayi-8 abalelwa ku-36.42%, kanye nama-olefin oxides ama-components ama-2 abalelwa ku-5.74%, ama-alkane compounds ayi-8 abalelwa ku-12.5%, ama-ester compounds ama-2 abalelwa ku-0.48%, kanye namanye ama-component ama-4 abalelwa ku-2.55%. Phakathi kwezingxenye zamafutha ezitholakalayo ze-volatile ze-saffron, lezo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu yi-olefin kanye ne-olefin oxides, okuyizinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-terpenoid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu yizinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-asidi.
2). Ama-Flavonoid Ama-Flavonoid asakazeka kakhulu ku-perianth ye-saffron. Avamile afaka phakathi i-vetch glycoside, i-quercetin-3-p-coumaroylglucoside, i-kaempferol-3-glucose-6-acetylglucoside kanye ne-Kaempferol-3-glucose-glucoside, i-delphinidin, i-trimethyldelphinidin, njll.
3). Izithasiselo zamafutha eziguquguqukayo. Ingxenye yezithasiselo zamafutha eziguquguqukayo ezikhiqizwa ngezindlela ezahlukene zokuwohloka ngesikhathi sokomiswa nokugcinwa kwezithasiselo ze-saffron yizinhlanganisela ze-glycoside ze-trimethylcyclohexene derivatives, ikakhulukazi ezifaka i-crocin nokunye. I-Crocein iyisakhi esiyinhloko esibabayo ku-saffron. Ingaguqulwa ibe yi-safranal ngaphansi kwezimo ze-acidic noma ze-alkaline noma ngaphansi kwesenzo sama-enzyme. Lesi futhi yisizathu sokuthi okuqukethwe kwe-safranal ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene kuhlukile.
4). Ama-polyene ahlanganisiwe nama-glycoside awo Ama-polyene ahlanganisiwe nama-glycoside awo yizona zingxenye eziyinhloko ezinombala ku-saffron yemithi yendabuko yaseShayina. Ihlanganisa kakhulu izigaba ezimbili ezilandelayo: (1) Ama-Carotenoid nama-glycoside awo I-Crocetin iyisakhi esiyinhloko sama-carotenoid nama-glycoside awo. Kubandakanya i-carotenoid crocetin nama-glycoside ayo, njenge-gentiobioside, i-glucoside, i-digentisic acid glycoside, i-gentioglucoside kanye ne-diglucoside; I-B-crocetin, i-C-crocetin, njll. (2) Ama-Carotene ahlanganisa kakhulu i-A kanye ne-B-carotene, njenge-lycopene kanye ne-zeaxanthin.
5). Ezinye ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa phenols, chitinase, triterpene saponins kanye steroidal saponins.
Isenzo se-harmacological se-4.P
1). Umphumela esibelethweni Ukukhishwa kwe-saffron kunomphumela othakazelisayo kokubili esibelethweni esihlukanisiwe kanye nasesibelethweni esingaphakathi komzimba samagundane, izingulube ze-guinea, onogwaja, izinja namakati. Isibeletho esikhulelwe sinozwela kakhulu; ukuhleleka kokuqina kwezithako ezahlukene ze-safranin yilokhu: i-decoction > i-ethanol extract > izingxenye eziguquguqukayo > i-ether extract. Umphumela wokuzijabulisa kwesibeletho ungavinjelwa kancane yi-ergotamine ethanesulfonate, engazweli ku-atropine. Ngakho-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi ingxenye yomphumela esibelethweni ingumphumela oqondile kuma-myocyte esibeletho, futhi ingxenye ihlobene nama-receptor e-adrenergic.
2). Umphumela ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi I-saffron extract inganciphisa umfutho wegazi wezinja namakati aphethwe yi-anesthesia isikhathi eside futhi inomthelela othakazelisayo ekuphefumuleni. Uma kunciphisa umfutho wegazi, umthamo wezinso uyancipha, okubonisa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi yezinso, futhi futhi inomphumela wokunciphisa imithambo yegazi ye-toad. Inomphumela omkhulu wokuvimbela enhliziyweni ye-toad ehlukanisiwe. Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali, izingxenye ezivimbela inhliziyo zihlobene nosawoti we-potassium. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lwesikhathi esizayo ku-saffron kufanele luqale lususe usawoti we-potassium.
3). Umphumela wokulwa nomdlavuza Amalungiselelo e-saffron anamakhono acacile okulwa nomdlavuza kanye nomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi i-saffron extract (i-dimethylcrocetin) ku-leukemia, umdlavuza wesibeletho, umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, i-rhabdomyosarcoma, umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, i-papillosarcoma, kanye ne-flat cell tumor kanye ne-soft tissue sarcoma, njll. konke kunemiphumela enamandla yokuvimbela. Indlela yayo yokulwa nomdlavuza ingaba ukubhubhisa uhlelo lwe-DNA synthase, okungukuthi, ukubhubhisa abaxhumanisi bokuxhumana be-DNA-protein njenge-topoisomerase II ababalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-DNA yeselula, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe ukwenziwa kwe-DNA ne-RNA, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe ukukhula kwamaseli esimila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-crocins nawo avimbela umsebenzi wama-protein kinase eseli kanye nokubonakaliswa kwama-proto-oncogenes.
4). Umphumela esibindini kanye nenyongo. I-Saffron extract inomphumela we-choleretic, futhi izithako zayo ezisebenzayo yi-α-crocetin sodium salt kanye ne-crocetin ester. I-α-Saffron acid inganciphisa i-cholesterol futhi ikhulise i-metabolism yamafutha. Ingasetshenziswa nemithi yendabuko yaseShayina efana ne-hawthorn, i-cassia, kanye ne-Alisma ukwelapha isibindi esinamafutha.
5). Umphumela we-antioxidant I-Saffron extract, ikakhulukazi i-crocin, ingavimbela ngempumelelo umsebenzi wama-radicals wamahhala e-oxygen kanye ne-xanthine oxidase, okubonisa umsebenzi we-antioxidant webhayoloji.
6). Vikela izinso. Ngokutadisha imodeli ye-rat C-BSA nephritis, kwatholakala ukuthi umonakalo we-proteinuria kanye nokulimala kwezinso kuncishisiwe kumagundane eqenjini lokuhlola. Phakathi kwawo, i-saffron ivimbela kakhulu i-cyclooxygenase futhi inciphisa ukwakheka kwama-prostaglandin, ngaleyo ndlela ivule ama-capillary ezinso, ikhulise ukugeleza kwegazi, futhi ikhuthaze ukulungiswa komonakalo wokuvuvukala. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi i-saffron ingaphazamisa ukwenzeka kokuvuvukala kwezinso ngokuthuthukisa ukukhishwa kwama-platelet kanye nabaxhumanisi bokuvuvukala.
7). Ukungenelela ku-arrhythmia I-Crocemic acid, isithako esisebenzayo esikhishwe ku-saffron, sinomthelela omuhle kumamodeli e-ventricular arrhythmia abangelwa yi-aconitine, i-ouabain ne-calcium chloride, okuhlinzeka ngokuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-saffron ekwelapheni i-arrhythmia. Lokhu kunikeza isisekelo sokusebenza kwentuthuko eyengeziwe kanye nocwaningo nge-saffron njengomuthi wendabuko waseShayina wokulwa ne-arrhythmia kanye ne-myocardial ischemia, okuphakamisa ukuthi i-saffron ingabizwa ngokuthi uhlobo olusha lomuthi wendabuko waseShayina wokuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
8). Lawula ukusebenza komzimba. I-saffron extract inemiphumela esobala yokukhuthaza ukujikeleza kwegazi nokususa ukuqina kwegazi, ukulwa namagciwane kanye nokuvuvukala, bese ithuthukisa ukukhuthazela komzimba futhi ikhulise okuqukethwe kwamangqamuzana omzimba, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuzivikela komzimba, ilawule i-qi yomzimba kanye nokuhamba kwegazi, futhi ilinganise umzimba womuntu. Indima ye-yin ne-yang.
9). Vimbela futhi welaphe i-atherosclerosis. I-saffron extract inamandla amahle ekulawuleni amafutha egazini, yehlisa umfutho wegazi ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele futhi yelaphe i-atherosclerosis.
10). Ukuvikelwa kwe-retinal: Onogwaja abamhlophe baseNew Zealand basetshenziswa ukudala imodeli yesilwane enengcindezi ephezulu yangaphakathi kweso. Umthamo othile we-saffron extract wafakwa emthanjeni wendlebe kanye ngosuku, kwase kusungulwa iqembu lokulawula umfutho ophezulu. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi inani lamaseli e-retinal ganglion eqenjini lokwelashwa lalilikhulu kakhulu kuneqembu lokulawula umfutho ophezulu (P<0.05), okubonisa ukuthi i-saffron extract ithuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi kwe-retinal futhi yavimba imiphumela ye-ischemia kanye ne-hypoxia kumaseli e-retinal ganglion ngaphansi komonakalo ongapheli wezimo zokucindezela okuphezulu kwangaphakathi kweso (RGC) futhi ivikele i-RGC. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi i-saffron extract ingavikela ama-RGC ngokunciphisa ama-free radical ku-retina nokuvimbela umonakalo wama-free radical esakhiweni se-membrane, ama-organelle angaphansi kweseli kanye nama-nuclei e-RGC. 11. Eminye imiphumela i-Saffron ethanol extract (CSE) ingavimbela ukuvinjelwa okubangelwa yi-ethanol kwe-long-term potentiation (LPT) ku-hippocampus. Ku-gyrus egobile yamagundane athotshisiwe, i-CSE (250 mg·kg-1) ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukuvinjelwa kwe-LPT okubangelwa yi-acetaldehyde ngaphandle kokuthinta umsebenzi wokufunda wamagundane. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi kwe-saffron kungavimbela kakhulu ubuthi bokuzala obukhiqizwa yimithi yokulwa nomdlavuza efana ne-cisplatin, i-cyclophosphamide, i-mitomycin C kanye ne-urethan, ngenkathi kuvimbela. Ubukhulu bomphumela abuhlobene kakhulu nomthamo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhishwa kwe-saffron kunciphisa kakhulu imiphumela yobuthi bokuzala kwi-glutathione S-transferase yesibindi (GST). Imvelo, ukunambitheka kanye nokusebenza kahle: okumnandi, okungathathi hlangothi kanye nokungabuthi. Kungena ezinhliziyweni nasesibindini. Kukhuthaza ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi kususe ukuqina kwegazi, kuhlakaze ukucindezeleka kanye nokuvula amafindo. Kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha ukucindezeleka, ukuqina kwesifuba kanye ne-diaphragm, ukuhlanza igazi, umkhuhlane we-typhoid, ukwesaba kanye nokudumala, i-amenorrhea kwabesifazane, ukuqina kwegazi ngemuva kokubeletha kanye nobuhlungu besisu, kanye nokuvuvukala kanye nobuhlungu bokuwa.
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